There is a window of relief for British Columbia farmers from the devastating waves of avian flu, leaving them to assess the toll of outbreaks spanning more than three years that saw millions of birds culled at hundreds of farms.

Farmers and scientists also worry what the next migration of wild birds will bring this year.

Some farmers moved their operations outside British Columbia's Fraser Valley or have exited the industry altogether since the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian flu began circulating, said farmer Ray Nickel.

Nickel, who operates a farm in Abbotsford in the Fraser Valley, was forced to cull 60,000 chickens in the fall of 2022 due to avian flu. He said his flock of about 9,000 turkeys on another farm were also euthanized in 2023.

"It's just daunting, and the uncertainty about what's happening around you does weigh on you," Nickel said of the virus.

"We've had reoccurring events, particularly in the fall, and the amount of anxiety and stress that goes in for producers when this is going on is significant."

"Infection protocols" have been imposed on B.C. flocks 239 times since the first case was detected in the province in April 2022, but only six premises are currently infected, according to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency.

More than 8.7 million commercial and backyard birds have been culled in the province, more than half the national toll of 14.5 million.

The agency said in January that the worldwide scale of the avian flu is "unprecedented and continues to have significant impacts on Canada's poultry industry." But there have been no new infections reported in B.C. since Jan. 11.

Nickel, who also serves as director of the BC Chicken Marketing Board, said farmers are feeling "relieved" at the moment, but there's an underlying concern about the virus persisting.